大学英语四六级阅读理解——如何确定作者的观点或态度

    一篇文章不可避免地反映了作者的观点、态度和情绪。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度也是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文、掌握了主题思想和主要事实后，方能作出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意以下几个问题：

　　一、有时作者先介绍了某一种观点，却接着在后面提出了相反的观点，因此，要正确判断作者的态度或观点，必须将上下文联系起来看，要注意文章中所陈述的内容并非都代表了作者的观点。

　　例一： 

　　Directions: Decide whether or not each of the following statements approves of the book written by Professor Baker.

　　1) Professor Baker's publisher has stated that this new book will soon take the place of all the old standard works in this field; in view, however, of both the style and content of Professor Baker's book, I find this claim most difficult to accept.

　　2) When I first opened the package containing a copy of Professor Baker's latest book and read its title, I must admit I felt a sudden sinking of the heart; yet once I had gathered courage to begin my reading, I found the work so far beyond my wildest hopes that I actually missed supper rather than put the volume down unfinished.

　　在1)文中，作者在前面引用了出版者的赞扬之辞，而后接着表明难以接受此说法，在说明他对此书持否定态度。

　　在2)文中，作者先说刚看到此书书名时很失望，然后用“yet”表示转折，以至到最后爱不释手，表明他赞许此书。

　　二、有时，作者通过使用词汇的手段，暗示了自己对文中某一具体问题所持的态度和观点。这时，我们要特别仔细琢磨文中所用词汇的特点，弄明白作者的态度是赞成还是反对，是肯定还是否定。

　　例二：

　　Directions: Decide which of the following statements was written by a person in favor of small-town life.

　　1) Possibly there are those who derive pleasure from turning back the clock and seeking out the virtues we fondly imagine to have been associated with life in small towns in bygone days. Yet the most superficial reading of contemporary accounts dealing with such an existence makes it quite clear that full enjoyment of life's true pleasures would be much more appreciated.

　　2) It is true that city-dwellers and suburbanites can enjoy certain facilities that may be denied to the inhabitants of small towns. What they miss, however, far outweighs such advantages, which, in any case, the vast majority rarely has the time or energy to take advantage of.

　　在1)文中，作者在谈到喜欢小城镇生活的人时用了“Possibly there are...”(可能有这样的人)来表示不肯定的语气，在谈到小城镇生活的长处时用了“...we imagine to have been associated with...(据我们想像……与相连系)”来减弱其客观性，暗示未必是真是如此。可见该作者不赞同小城镇的生活。

　　在2)文中，作者在谈到城市生活的方便时用了“certain”一词以表示其有限性，并用“may

　　be denied to the inhabitants of small towns(小城镇的居民也许没有)”来表示不肯定。然而在谈到城市生活所失去的东西时用了“far outweighs such advantages”(大大超过了这些好处)来加以强调。可见这篇文章的作者是赞同小城镇生活的。

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